Acropolis from Mount Hymettus - My Favourite Planet (2024)

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My Favourite Planet > English > Europe > Greece > Attica > Athens > galleries > Acropolis
Athens galleriesThe Athens Acropolis2 of 36

Acropolis from Mount Hymettus - My Favourite Planet (12)

The Acropolis and central Athens from Mount Ymittos

A hot late-summer afternoon and Athens' smog cloud, called by Athenians - almost affectionately - "Nefos", filters the view. Some days it is almost impossible to see central Athens from the top of the 1026 metre high Mount Ymittos.

Just about visible to the northwest of the city is the 17.5 km long, 468 metre high Mount Aegaleo (also Aigaleo and Egaleo; Greek, Αιγάλεω Όρος). In 480 BC the Persian king Xerxes set up his throne on the southern end of Aegaleo to watch the naval Battle of Salamis in the straits below. "The height on which the haughty Persian sate," as one 19th century traveller put it [1].
Below are five interactive plans of the Acropolis
Interactive graphic: click on a building to go to its gallery page.

Acropolis from Mount Hymettus - My Favourite Planet (13)

Reconstruction of the Athenian Acropolis, as it appeared in the
late 5th century BC, following Pericles' rebuilding programme.

Model, wood and cork, 2001, by M. Korres and P. Dimitriadis, Athens.
Altes Museum, Berlin.

This museum model provides a simplified overview of the topography of the Acropolis and the layout of its buildings, based on recent surveys. The number of buildings and statues increased over the centuries, but the exact location, appearance and function of many remains uncertain.

By Roman times the Acropolis had become cluttered with temples and monuments, and during the Byzantine, Frankish and Ottoman eras, churches, chapels and then mosques as well as fortifications, houses and other buildings were added. Following the establishment of the modern Greek state in the mid 19th century, the later buildings were, controversially, removed by archaeologists with the aim of restoring the classical appearance of the citadel.

The model also omits the houses and other buildings of ancient Athens which crowded around the foot of the Acropolis.

The Panathenaic Way, the wide path at the bottom left of the photo, passed through the ancient city to the Acropolis from the Dipylon Gate to the north, veered west, then lead up the ramp to the Propylaia, the gateway to the sacred precincts. Another path, the Peripatos, ran around the foot of the rock.
photos and articles:
© David John
Acropolis gallery
Propylaia
Athena NikeTemple
the Parthenon
the Erechtheion
Odeion ofHerodes Atticus
Dionysos Theatre
For other features
of the Acropolis see
Gallery contents
Interactive graphic: click on a building to go to its gallery page.

Acropolis from Mount Hymettus - My Favourite Planet (20)

Plan of the Acropolis by Fritz Baumgarten, after Kaupertu and Kawerau, late 19th century.

Unfortunately, the hatching used to indicate countours and the direction of slopes
make this plan a little difficult to read. See a larger plan, in English below.

Image source: Wilhelm Wägner and Fritz Baumgarten, Hellas, Land und Volk der Alten Griechen.
Verlag von Otto Spamer, Leipzig, 1902. This popular German book about ancient Greece
was published in several editions in the late 19th and early 20th century.
In many editions the text is in the old German Fraktur script, which is also difficult to read.

Acropolis from Mount Hymettus - My Favourite Planet (21)

Reconstruction of the west side of the Acropolis, as it may have looked in
the Classical period, at the end of the 5th century BC, after the building of
the Parthenon, the Erechtheion, the Propylaia and the Temple of Athena Nike.

The colossal statue of Athena Promachos stands guard,
just within the monumental Propylaia gateway.

Illustration by F. Thiersch, published in Charlotte M. Yong, A pictorial history of the
world's great nations, from the earliest dates to the present time
, Volume I
,
page 88. Selmar Hess, New York, about 1882. At archive.org.
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Acropolis from Mount Hymettus - My Favourite Planet (28)

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Acropolis from Mount Hymettus - My Favourite Planet (29)

Reconstructed aerial view of the Acropolis during the late Roman period.

This excellent drawing does not merely attempt to show how the Acropolis may have appeared at the time, rather it accurately reflects the contemporary state of understanding of its monuments and topography which had to that point (1895) been revealed by archaeological investigation, supported by other evidence such as inscriptions and the writings of ancient authors. Archaeology always was, and remains a marvellous detective mystery and exercise in intricate puzzle-solving.

Illustration by Durm, 1895. Published in Hermann Luckenbach, Die Akropolis von Athen, page 10. R. Oldenbourg, Munich and Berlin, 1905. At Heidelberg University Library.

1. Ascent ramp

2. Old Temple of Athena Nike

3. Propylon

4. "Building B"

5. Sanctuary of Artemis Brauronia

6. "Old Temple" of Athena Polias and Altar of Athena

7. Old Parthenon (unfinished)

8. Sanctuary of Pandion

9. Mycenean (Cyclopean) Wall

10. Pelargikon or Enneappyion Wall

11. Sanctuary of Dionysos Eleuthereos

12. Theatre of Dionysos

Model of the Acropolis (viewed from the south) as it may have appeared
in 480 BC, just before the invasion by the Persian king Xerxes I.

Model by M. Korres and P. Dimitriadis. Acropolis Museum, Athens.
Interactive graphic: click on a building to go to its gallery page.

Acropolis from Mount Hymettus - My Favourite Planet (30)

Model showing the locations of some of the buildings on and around
the Acropolis in the 4th century BC. North is at the top of the photo.

Model designed by M. Korres, created by P. Demetriades
and G. Angelopoulos, 1998. British Museum, London.

The road running east-west at the bottom of the photo, south of the theatre, corresponds to the modern Dionysiou Areopagitou Street (Οδός Διονυσίου Αρεοπαγίτου), which is a pedestrianized zone. The New Acropolis Museum is on the south side of this street, over the road from the theatre. The main entrance to the Acropolis is on path leading north from a little further west along the street.

The Panathenaic Way approaches the west of the Acropolis from the north (top left).

At the top left corner of the photo is the eastern end of the Areopagus Hill.

The Peripatos, the circuit path around the base of the Acropolis rock, connected the various sanctuaries on the north ad south slopes.

The Street of the Tripods approached the south slope of the Acropolis fom the northeast (top right) and ended at the Sanctuary of Dionysos Eleuthereos, in which stood the Theatre of Dionysos.

Acropolis from Mount Hymettus - My Favourite Planet (31)

Model of the Acropolis (viewed from the north) as it may have
appeared in the 2nd - 3rd century AD, just after the time
when the Greek travel writer Pausanias visited Athens.

Model by M. Korres and P. Dimitriadis. Acropolis Museum, Athens.
Interactive graphic: click on a building to go to its gallery page.
Acropolis from Mount Hymettus - My Favourite Planet (32)

Reconstruction of the entrance at the west side of the Acropolis, as it may have looked
in the late Roman period, after the building of the Beulé Gate in 280 AD.

The drawing shows the classical monuments, such as the Parthenon, built during the time of Pericles in the 5th century BC, plus later alterations and additions, including the 3rd century BC Roman Beulé Gate (bottom right).

As with many reconstructions of archaeological sites, this is an idealized work based on contemporary opinions on how the Acropolis appeared during a particular epoch. Archaeological evidence on the site is compared with literary, historical and artistic sources, drawings and paintings made by visitors to Athens before damage and alterations of the 17th - 19th centuries, and evidence from similar sites. To the interpretation of this information is often added a pinch of creative imagination - or even fantasy.

Recent research during the continuous restoration work on the Acropolis has been uncovering ever more of the ancient rock's secrets, often turning earlier ideas and theories on their heads.

Image source: Wilhelm Wägner and Fritz Baumgarten, Hellas, Land und Volk der Alten Griechen.
Verlag von Otto Spamer, Leipzig, 1902. Illustration by Friedrich von Thiersch.
Interactive graphic: click on a building to go to its gallery page.

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Early 20th century plan of the Acropolis by Emery Walker, after J. H. Middleton.

"After J. H. Middleton, by permission of the Hellenic Society and Prof. E. A. Gardner."

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View of the Acropolis from the West, an idealized representation of the Acropolis and Areopagus
(in the foreground) during the Roman period, by Leopold Frank Karl von Klenze (1784-1864),
court architect to King Ludwig I of Bavaria, who worked with the archaeologist Ludwig Ross
on the restoration of the classical buildings on the Acropolis (see gallery page 12).

Oil on canvas, 1846. Height 102.8 cm, width 147.7 cm.

Neue Pinakothek, Munich. Inv. No. 9463.
Athens
Acropolis
Notes, references and links

1. Edward Giffard, A short visit to the Ionian Islands, Athens, and the Morea. John Murray, London, 1837. At Google Books.
Photos, illustrations, maps and articles: © David John,
except where otherwise specified.

Additional photos: © Konstanze Gundudis

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have been attributed where applicable.

Please do not use these photos or articles without permission.

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Acropolis from Mount Hymettus - My Favourite Planet (2024)

FAQs

What does the Greek word acropolis mean? ›

The Greek root acro- means "high;" thus, an acropolis is basically a "high city". Ancient cities often grew up around a high point, in order that they could easily be defended.

What is a short note on the Acropolis? ›

Brief synthesis

The Acropolis of Athens is the most striking and complete ancient Greek monumental complex still existing in our times. It is situated on a hill of average height (156m) that rises in the basin of Athens. Its overall dimensions are approximately 170 by 350m.

What is the story behind the Acropolis? ›

Originally, the Acropolis was the residence of the ruler, in the place where the Erechtheion is today. However, when Athens was transformed into an asty (town) and the one-man power began to weaken, the rock became a place of religious worship.

What is the difference between the Acropolis and the Parthenon? ›

The Acropolis is a large fortified hill in the center of Athens, and it houses several ancient structures, including the Parthenon. The Parthenon is located on top of the Acropolis and is one of the most prominent and iconic buildings on the hill.

What God was the Acropolis for? ›

The most famous Acropolis is by far that of Athens. During the classical Greek era, it was a sacred space devoted to the cult of the city's patron goddess, Athena, as well as other local heroes and deities.

How old is the Acropolis in Greece? ›

Most of the buildings remaining on the Acropolis today were built as part of Perciles' massive building program in the middle of the 5th century BC. However, many were not finished until after his death in 429 BC. Further embellishments were added by the Romans when they conquered Greece in 146 BC.

Why was the Acropolis destroyed? ›

The Turks used the temple for ammunition storage, and when, on the evening of 26 September 1687, a mortar shell hit the building, the resulting explosion killed 300 people and led to the complete destruction of the temple's roof and most of the walls.

Which goddess was worshipped on the Athenian acropolis? ›

The Temple of Athena Nike (Greek: Ναός Αθηνάς Νίκης, Naós Athinás Níkis) is a temple on the Acropolis of Athens, dedicated to the goddesses Athena and Nike. Built around 420 BC, the temple is the earliest fully Ionic temple on the Acropolis.

What is the most sacred temple on the Acropolis? ›

The most famous classic temple in the world, the Parthenon at Athens, Greece . Athens Acropolis Greece, 1907.

What does the Acropolis symbolize? ›

The term “Acropolis” derives from the Greek words, “akros” (meaning “highest”) and “polis” (meaning “city”), signifying its elevated location overlooking Athens. The Acropolis was not just a fortress; it was the heart of the city-state, serving as a center for religious, political, and cultural activities.

What is the mythology of the Acropolis? ›

At the very heart of the Acropolis stands a testament to the rivalry between Athena and Poseidon. According to legend, both deities coveted the city, offering gifts to claim it. Poseidon struck the rock with his trident, bringing forth a spring, while Athena offered the olive tree, symbolizing peace and prosperity.

Is the Acropolis rebuilt? ›

Archaeological evidence has shown that repair work, reconstructions, and new constructions have taken place on the acropolis nearly constantly since the Classical period, with not every monument surviving as it once was or surviving at all thanks to the ravages of time, nature, and humanity.

Is acropolis older than Colosseum? ›

Ready for more interesting facts about the Colosseum that may surprise you? The Great Pyramid of Giza is more than 2,600 years older than the famous Italian arena, and the Acropolis is more than 500 years older! But that doesn't mean this iconic Roman site is the new historic site on the block.

Is Zeus at the Acropolis? ›

The temple is about 500 m (0.3 mi) south-east of the Acropolis, and about 700 m (0.4 mi) south of the center of Athens, Syntagma Square. Its foundations were laid on the site of an ancient outdoor sanctuary dedicated to Zeus.

Is acropolis Greek or roman? ›

An acropolis was the settlement of an upper part of an ancient Greek city, especially a citadel, and frequently a hill with precipitous sides, mainly chosen for purposes of defense. The term is typically used to refer to the Acropolis of Athens, yet every Greek city had an acropolis of its own.

What is the same meaning as acropolis? ›

acropolis (noun as in fort) Strong matches. blockhouse camp castle citadel fastness fortification fortress garrison redoubt station.

Does acropolis mean high city? ›

The term “acropolis” means “high city” in Greek and can refer to one of many natural strongholds constructed on rocky, elevated ground in Greece, but the Acropolis of Athens is the best known.

What does the word Parthenon mean in Greek? ›

The origin of the word "Parthenon" comes from the Greek word parthénos (παρθένος), meaning "maiden, girl" as well as "virgin, unmarried woman".

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